GH-5746: Add Maven-integrated dependency update report script

  Adds scripts/dependency-updates.py and a Maven profile so that
  the update status of all external dependencies can be checked with:

      mvn -N -P dependency-updates validate

  The script scans all module POMs, resolves versions from the root
  dependencyManagement, and queries repo1.maven.org/maven2 for the
  latest release version of each dependency via maven-metadata.xml.
  It prints two tables:

  1. Version status, grouped into major updates, minor/patch updates,
     up-to-date, and unknown.
  2. Dependencies available under different Maven coordinates, covering
     known coordinate renames such as Jackson 2.x → tools.jackson.* 3.x,
     Apache HttpComponents 4 → httpcomponents.client5/core5, and the
     Elasticsearch REST high-level client → co.elastic.clients.

  Artifacts merged into a successor (e.g. jackson-annotations absorbed
  into jackson-core in 3.x) are flagged as "(not found — possibly
merged)"
  rather than shown as broken.

  Both tables include a Modules column listing which sub-modules declare
  each dependency. Developer documentation is added to
  site/content/documentation/developer/dependency-updates.md.

Author: aschwarte10

pom.xml

@@ -424,6 +424,42 @@
 				</pluginManagement>
 			</build>
 		</profile>
+		<profile>
+			<!--
+				Print a dependency-update report grouped by major / minor+patch / up-to-date.
+				Queries Maven Central, so an internet connection is required.
+				Run only at the root level (non-recursive) to avoid repeating the report
+				for every sub-module:
+
+				    mvn -N -P dependency-updates validate
+			-->
+			<id>dependency-updates</id>
+			<build>
+				<plugins>
+					<plugin>
+						<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
+						<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+						<version>3.5.0</version>
+						<executions>
+							<execution>
+								<id>dependency-updates</id>
+								<phase>validate</phase>
+								<goals>
+									<goal>exec</goal>
+								</goals>
+								<configuration>
+									<executable>python3</executable>
+									<arguments>
+										<argument>${project.basedir}/scripts/dependency-updates.py</argument>
+										<argument>${project.basedir}</argument>
+									</arguments>
+								</configuration>
+							</execution>
+						</executions>
+					</plugin>
+				</plugins>
+			</build>
+		</profile>
 	</profiles>
 	<dependencyManagement>
 		<dependencies>