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name hotspot-jit-forensics
description Diagnose Java performance issues by inspecting HotSpot bytecode, tiered compilation state, inlining decisions, C2 assembly, compilation limits, and object layout. Produces reproducible artifacts (jit.xml, directives, JFR, disassembly) and links them to actionable code changes.

HotSpot C2 / JIT Forensics & Optimization

A practical playbook for diagnosing Java performance issues by looking at what HotSpot actually does.

Use this skill when you suspect:

  • Lost inlining, megamorphic dispatch, or deoptimization.
  • A hot method is slow because it never reaches C2.
  • High CPU in tiny methods (often a no-inline or missed intrinsic).
  • High allocation rate or cache-unfriendly object layout.
  • Compilation failures/bailouts (node limits, method too big, deep inlining).
  • Code cache pressure, safepoint stalls, or lock contention.

Quick start (repeatable artifacts)

  1. Collect JVM facts
.codex/skills/hotspot-jit-forensics/scripts/jit-facts.sh --out jit-facts.txt

For a running process:

.codex/skills/hotspot-jit-forensics/scripts/jit-facts.sh --pid <pid> --out jit-facts.txt
  1. Generate a C2 directives file
.codex/skills/hotspot-jit-forensics/scripts/jit-directives.sh \
  --method "com/foo/MyClass.myMethod()" \
  --out c2-directives.json5
  1. Run the target command with compiler logging
.codex/skills/hotspot-jit-forensics/scripts/jit-run-log.sh \
  --directives c2-directives.json5 \
  --logfile jit.xml \
  -- java -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -jar app.jar

Artifacts produced:

  • jit-facts.txt (version, flags, OS/arch, optional jcmd output)
  • c2-directives.json5 (method-scoped compiler diagnostics)
  • jit.xml (HotSpot compilation log)
  • Console output with inlining and assembly (if hsdis is available)

Core workflow

1) Profile first (do not guess)

Use JFR or async-profiler to identify the actual hot method(s).

2) Confirm compilation tier

Determine if the method is interpreted, C1, or C2.

Runtime:

jcmd <pid> Compiler.codelist | head
jcmd <pid> Compiler.queue
jcmd <pid> Compiler.codecache

Start-up (noisy):

java -XX:+PrintCompilation -jar app.jar

3) Capture inlining + compilation decisions for ONE method

Prefer Compiler Directives with a focused match.

4) If assembly doesn’t print, fix hsdis

HotSpot only prints assembly with the hsdis plugin installed.

5) Read “why not inlined?” and “why not compiled?”

Check jit.xml (or JITWatch) for inline failures and compilation bailouts.

6) Inspect object layout

Use JOL (CLI or code) and jcmd class histograms.

7) Cross-check system effects

GC, safepoints, locks, and code cache can dominate CPU.

Key flags (diagnosis only)

  • -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions
  • -XX:+LogCompilation -XX:LogFile=jit.xml
  • -XX:+CompilerDirectivesPrint -XX:CompilerDirectivesFile=c2-directives.json5
  • -XX:+PrintCompilation
  • -Xlog:safepoint=info (JDK 9+)
  • -Xlog:gc* (JDK 9+)

Script reference

jit-facts.sh

Collect JVM + OS facts and optional jcmd diagnostics into one file.

Usage: jit-facts.sh [--pid <pid>] [--out <file>]

jit-directives.sh

Generate a compiler directives file for a target method.

Usage: jit-directives.sh --method <pattern> [--out <file>]

jit-run-log.sh

Run a java command with directive-based C2 logging.

Usage: jit-run-log.sh --directives <file> --logfile <file> -- java <args...>

Deliverables checklist

  • Repro command line (exact).
  • JVM version + flags (jit-facts.txt).
  • Profile (recording.jfr or cpu.svg/alloc.svg).
  • jit.xml (LogCompilation).
  • directives file (c2-directives.json5).
  • Assembly snippet for target method(s).
  • Object layout output (JOL internals + footprint).
  • Summary: “hypothesis → evidence → change → result”.

Reference URLs