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Spring Security添加图形验证码

添加验证码大致可以分为三个步骤:根据随机数生成验证码图片;将验证码图片显示到登录页面;认证流程中加入验证码校验。Spring Security的认证校验是由UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter过滤器完成的,所以我们的验证码校验逻辑应该在这个过滤器之前。下面一起学习下如何在上一节Spring Security自定义用户认证的基础上加入验证码校验功能。

生成图形验证码 验证码功能需要用到spring-social-config依赖:

 <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.social</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-social-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

首先定义一个验证码对象ImageCode:

public class ImageCode {

    private BufferedImage image;

    private String code;

    private LocalDateTime expireTime;

    public ImageCode(BufferedImage image, String code, int expireIn) {
        this.image = image;
        this.code = code;
        this.expireTime = LocalDateTime.now().plusSeconds(expireIn);
    }

    public ImageCode(BufferedImage image, String code, LocalDateTime expireTime) {
        this.image = image;
        this.code = code;
        this.expireTime = expireTime;
    }

    boolean isExpire() {
        return LocalDateTime.now().isAfter(expireTime);
    }
    // get,set 略
}

ImageCode对象包含了三个属性:image图片,code验证码和expireTime过期时间。isExpire方法用于判断验证码是否已过期。

接着定义一个ValidateCodeController,用于处理生成验证码请求:

@RestController
public class ValidateController {

    public final static String SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE = "SESSION_KEY_IMAGE_CODE";

    private SessionStrategy sessionStrategy = new HttpSessionSessionStrategy();

    @GetMapping("/code/image")
    public void createCode(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        ImageCode imageCode = createImageCode();
        sessionStrategy.setAttribute(new ServletWebRequest(request), SESSION_KEY, imageCode);
        ImageIO.write(imageCode.getImage(), "jpeg", response.getOutputStream());
    }
}

createImageCode方法用于生成验证码对象,org.springframework.social.connect.web.HttpSessionSessionStrategy对象封装了一些处理Session的方法,包含了setAttribute、getAttribute和removeAttribute方法,具体可以查看该类的源码。使用sessionStrategy将生成的验证码对象存储到Session中,并通过IO流将生成的图片输出到登录页面上。

其中createImageCode方法代码如下所示:

private ImageCode createImageCode() {

    int width = 100; // 验证码图片宽度
    int height = 36; // 验证码图片长度
    int length = 4; // 验证码位数
    int expireIn = 60; // 验证码有效时间 60s

    BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    Graphics g = image.getGraphics();

    Random random = new Random();

    g.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
    g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
    g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ITALIC, 20));
    g.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
    for (int i = 0; i < 155; i++) {
        int x = random.nextInt(width);
        int y = random.nextInt(height);
        int xl = random.nextInt(12);
        int yl = random.nextInt(12);
        g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);
    }

    StringBuilder sRand = new StringBuilder();
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        String rand = String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));
        sRand.append(rand);
        g.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
        g.drawString(rand, 13 * i + 6, 16);
    }
    g.dispose();
    return new ImageCode(image, sRand.toString(), expireIn);
}

private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
    Random random = new Random();
    if (fc > 255) {
        fc = 255;
    }
    if (bc > 255) {
        bc = 255;
    }
    int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    return new Color(r, g, b);
}

生成验证码的方法写好后,接下来开始改造登录页面。

改造登录页 在登录页面加上如下代码:

<span style="display: inline">
    <input type="text" name="imageCode" placeholder="验证码" style="width: 50%;"/>
    <img src="/code/image"/>
</span>

<img>标签的src属性对应ValidateController的createImageCode方法。

要使生成验证码的请求不被拦截,需要在BrowserSecurityConfig的configure方法中配置免拦截:

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
    http.formLogin() // 表单登录
            // http.httpBasic() // HTTP Basic
            .loginPage("/authentication/require") // 登录跳转 URL
            .loginProcessingUrl("/login") // 处理表单登录 URL
            .successHandler(authenticationSucessHandler) // 处理登录成功
            .failureHandler(authenticationFailureHandler) // 处理登录失败
            .and()
            .authorizeRequests() // 授权配置
            .antMatchers("/authentication/require",
                    "/login.html",
                    "/code/image").permitAll() // 无需认证的请求路径
            .anyRequest()  // 所有请求
            .authenticated() // 都需要认证
            .and().csrf().disable();
}

重启项目,访问http://localhost:8080/login.html