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Module 2: Core Cloud Concepts – Virtualization, Networking, and Cloud Infrastructure

📌 Overview

This module dives into the core foundation of cloud computing:

  • Virtualization (the backbone of the cloud)
  • Networking in the cloud (VPC, subnets, gateways, firewalls)
  • Cloud infrastructure components (compute, storage, scaling, monitoring)

🔹 Virtualization – The Backbone of Cloud

What is Virtualization?

Virtualization allows a single physical machine to run multiple virtual machines (VMs) with their own OS and apps.

  • Enables better resource utilization
  • Reduces cost and hardware dependency

Types of Virtualization

  1. Server Virtualization → Multiple VMs on one server (e.g., AWS EC2)
  2. Storage Virtualization → Pooling storage devices (e.g., EBS, S3)
  3. Network Virtualization → Creating virtual networks (e.g., AWS VPC)
  4. Desktop Virtualization → Remote desktops (e.g., Amazon WorkSpaces)

Analogy: Pizza cut into slices → one pizza (server) serves many people (VMs).

🔹 Networking in the Cloud

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

A private network inside the cloud for hosting resources like servers and databases.

Key Components of VPC

  • Subnets → Smaller networks inside a VPC (public/private)
  • Internet Gateway → Connects VPC to internet
  • Route Tables → Define traffic flow

Analogy:

  • VPC = Housing society
  • Subnet = Apartments in the society
  • Internet Gateway = Main gate

🔹 Core Cloud Infrastructure Components

1. Compute

  • Virtual Machines (EC2) → Full control of OS + apps
  • Containers (Docker, Kubernetes) → Lightweight, portable apps
  • Serverless (Lambda) → Code execution without managing servers

Analogy:

  • VM = Rent a PC in a cyber café
  • Containers = Food delivery box
  • Serverless = Zomato order

2. Storage

  • EBS (Elastic Block Store) → Like a hard drive for EC2 (persistent storage)
  • S3 (Simple Storage Service) → Object storage for files, backups, images
  • EFS (Elastic File System) → Shared file storage across multiple EC2s

Analogy:

  • EBS = Hard disk in your laptop
  • S3 = Google Drive
  • EFS = Shared folder in an office network

3. Scaling & Load Balancing

  • Auto Scaling → Automatically add/remove servers based on demand
  • Load Balancer → Distributes traffic across servers for high availability

Example: Flipkart adds more EC2s during Big Billion Day using auto scaling.

🔹 Real-World Examples

  • Netflix → Runs workloads on thousands of EC2 instances inside VPCs, auto scales based on user traffic.
  • Swiggy → Uses containers (Kubernetes) to manage microservices like orders, payments, delivery.
  • Banks → Use private VPCs for secure transaction systems.

📌 Summary Table

Concept What It Is Example Analogy
Virtualization One server → many virtual machines VMware, EC2 Pizza slices 🍕
VPC Private cloud network AWS VPC Housing society 🏢
Compute (VM) Full control server EC2 Cyber café PC 💻
Containers Packaged apps Docker, K8s Food delivery box 🍱
Serverless Run code on trigger Lambda Zomato order 🍔
Storage (EBS) Block storage AWS EBS Hard disk 💾
Storage (S3) Object storage AWS S3 Google Drive 📂
Storage (EFS) Shared file storage AWS EFS Office shared folder 🗂
Load Balancing Distributes traffic ELB Toll plaza 🚦
Auto Scaling Adjusts server count ASG Hiring extra staff on weekends 👨‍🍳